Saline intrusion, also known as saltwater intrusion, is the process by which saltwater enters freshwater aquifers. This can occur naturally or be exacerbated by human activities such as groundwater over-extraction, leading to a decrease in freshwater availability for communities and agriculture.
► Where is saline intrusion occurring in India?
Saline intrusion is a significant issue in coastal areas of India, especially in states like Gujarat, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu. These regions have experienced increased salinity in groundwater sources, affecting both drinking water supplies and agricultural productivity.
► What causes saline intrusion in India?
Several factors contribute to saline intrusion in India, including:
♦ Over-extraction of groundwater for agriculture, industry, and domestic use.
♦ Sea-level rise due to climate change, pushing saltwater further into freshwater aquifers.
♦ Reduced river flow and altered hydrological patterns due to dams and water diversions.
► How does saline intrusion impact the environment and local communities?
Saline intrusion leads to the degradation of freshwater resources, making water unsuitable for drinking and agriculture. It also affects soil quality, leading to decreased agricultural yields and altered ecosystems, which can impact local biodiversity and livelihoods.
► What measures are being taken to address saline intrusion in India?
Efforts to combat saline intrusion in India include:
♦ Implementing stricter regulations on groundwater extraction.
♦ Promoting the use of rainwater harvesting and other sustainable water management practices.
♦ Developing and adopting saline-resistant crop varieties.
♦ Enhancing monitoring and research to better understand and predict saline intrusion patterns.
Understanding and addressing saline intrusion is critical for securing water resources and ensuring the sustainability of communities and ecosystems in affected regions of India.
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