Net zero refers to achieving a balance between the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced and the amount removed from the atmosphere. This balance is crucial for stabilizing global temperatures. When a country, company, or individual reaches net zero emissions, it means their actions result in no net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases. This is achieved by reducing emissions as much as possible and balancing remaining emissions with equivalent carbon removal activities, such as reforestation or direct air capture and storage technologies.
Why is Achieving Net Zero Important?
Achieving net zero is essential to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global carbon dioxide emissions need to reach net zero by around 2050 to keep global warming well below 2°C, and preferably to 1.5°C, compared to pre-industrial levels. This target is critical to prevent catastrophic climate impacts, including extreme weather events, sea level rise, and loss of biodiversity.
► India's Commitment to Net Zero
India's Net Zero Target
India has set a target to achieve net zero emissions by 2070. This commitment was announced at COP26, making India part of the global efforts to combat climate change and align with the Paris Agreement goals.
► Strategies and Policies for Achieving Net Zero in India
Long-term Low-Carbon Development Strategy:
Submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), this strategy outlines India's approach to transition towards a low-carbon economy. It emphasizes equity, climate justice, and the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC).
► Key Transitions:
Electricity: Transitioning to low-carbon energy sources.
Transport: Developing efficient and sustainable transport systems.
Urban Development: Enhancing energy efficiency in buildings and promoting sustainable urbanization.
Industrial Innovation: Encouraging low-emission technologies in manufacturing.
Carbon Removal: Exploring options like afforestation and technological interventions for carbon capture.
Forestry: Increasing forest and tree cover for better carbon sequestration.
Financial Strategies: Mobilizing resources for funding low-carbon development.
► National Policies and Actions:
National Clean Air Programme (NCAP): Aims to reduce particulate matter pollution.
Sustainable Transportation: Promoting the use of bio-gas and advancing electric vehicle adoption.
Energy Standards: Transitioning from BS-IV to BS-VI emission standards rapidly.
Conservation Initiatives: Enhancing the protection of wetlands and other critical habitats.
► International Collaboration and Funding:
♦ Leveraging global partnerships and finance mechanisms to support India's green transition.
India's path to net zero is structured around sustainable development, ensuring that environmental goals do not compromise its developmental and poverty eradication agendas. This balanced approach seeks to address both domestic needs and global environmental commitments.
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