• Definition: In the Indian Constitution, “fraternity” signifies a sense of brotherhood and unity among all citizens. It emphasizes mutual support and solidarity. • Purpose: The Preamble includes fraternity to foster a sense of belonging and national unity, beyond differences in religion, region, language, and culture. • Significance: Fraternity is essential for maintaining national integrity, promoting social harmony, and building a cohesive society. It supports the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality, encouraging respect and cooperation among citizens. • Constitutional Objective: Fraternity aims to uphold the dignity of individuals and ensure the unity and integrity of the nation. It is one of the foundational principles guiding the Constitution’s interpretation and application.
CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE ON FRATERNITY IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION’S PREAMBLE
• Implementation Challenges: The practical realization of fraternity is often hindered by India’s diversity and social divisions. Caste discrimination, religious intolerance, and regionalism can impede the development of a unified national identity. • Social Inequalities: Despite constitutional promises, various forms of social inequality persist. These inequalities can challenge the concept of fraternity by creating societal divisions and feelings of alienation among marginalized groups. • Political Exploitation: The principle of fraternity can be compromised when political actors exploit social divisions for electoral gains. Such actions can polarize communities and weaken the spirit of brotherhood. • Limited Focus on Social Harmony: Critics argue that there is a lack of adequate legal and policy frameworks specifically aimed at promoting social harmony and unity. This can result in insufficient measures to address communal and social tensions. • Judicial Interpretation: The judiciary has had a limited role in interpreting fraternity as a constitutional value. Without strong judicial emphasis, the principle may not be adequately highlighted in legal and public discourse.
Despite these challenges, fraternity remains a guiding principle for India’s socio-political growth, striving to create an inclusive and cohesive society.
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