ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS (ESAs) IN THE WESTERN GHATS
1. What are Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs)?
Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs) are regions designated for environmental protection due to their significant ecological importance and vulnerability. Activities that could harm the environment, such as mining, quarrying, and large infrastructure projects, are restricted in these areas to preserve their biodiversity and natural resources.
2. Why are certain areas in the Western Ghats classified as ESAs?
The Western Ghats are a biodiversity hotspot with unique flora and fauna. They also play a crucial role in the region’s climate regulation and water supply. Classifying parts of the Western Ghats as ESAs helps protect these ecologically rich and environmentally critical areas from potentially harmful human activities.
3. How are ESAs identified in the Western Ghats?
ESAs are identified based on scientific criteria such as biodiversity richness, presence of endangered species, and vulnerability to environmental degradation. Committees, such as the Gadgil and Kasturirangan committees, have assessed these factors and recommended specific areas for protection.
4. What restrictions are imposed in ESAs?
In ESAs, activities that may have adverse environmental impacts, such as large-scale industrial projects, mining, and certain types of agriculture, are either prohibited or strictly regulated. The goal is to minimize ecological disturbances and preserve the natural landscape.
5. How have the States responded to the designation of ESAs in the Western Ghats?
Several States, including Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, have expressed concerns over the designation of certain areas as ESAs. They argue that the restrictions could negatively affect local economies, livelihoods, and development plans, such as agricultural plantations and hydroelectric projects.
6. What is the current status of the ESA notification in the Western Ghats?
The Union government has reissued the draft notification for the sixth time, with the latest version issued on July 31, 2024. The notification is open for public comments for 60 days. The process has been delayed due to the lack of consensus among the States and public opposition.
7. What is the role of public participation in the ESA notification process?
Public participation is a crucial part of the ESA notification process. Citizens and stakeholders are invited to submit their comments and concerns during the designated period. These inputs are considered before finalizing the notification.
8. What are the potential benefits of designating ESAs in the Western Ghats?
Designating ESAs helps protect endangered species, preserve unique ecosystems, and maintain ecological balance. It also mitigates the risk of natural disasters, such as landslides, by preserving natural vegetation and landscape stability.
9. What are the challenges in implementing ESA notifications?
The main challenges include balancing conservation efforts with developmental needs, addressing local communities’ concerns, and achieving consensus among various stakeholders. The complexity of land ownership and use rights also adds to the difficulty of implementing ESA protections.
10. What is the role of the new committee in the ESA designation process?
A new committee has been formed to review the concerns raised by the States and refine the draft notification. This committee is tasked with ensuring that the ESA designations appropriately balance conservation priorities with the socio-economic needs of the region.
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