1. Definition and Essence:
Collective responsibility refers to the principle where the entire council of ministers, including the Prime Minister, is accountable for the decisions and actions of the government.
Every minister, irrespective of their portfolio, bears joint responsibility for government policies, actions, and performance.
2. Significance in the Parliamentary System:
This principle is foundational in parliamentary democracies.
In India, the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament, holds the government to this principle.
While ministers are appointed by the President, their political legitimacy comes from the majority support in the Lok Sabha.
3. Implications of Collective Responsibility:
Any government decision or action is attributed to the entire council.
The entire cabinet is expected to defend any decision or action taken, even if it faces opposition or criticism.
A loss of majority support in the Lok Sabha can trigger a vote of no confidence, leading to the resignation of the entire council of ministers.
4. Role of the Indian Constitution: Article 75
Prime Minister's Appointment: The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, and other Ministers are appointed based on the Prime Minister's advice.
Collective Accountability: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. This ensures that the government remains answerable to the elected representatives.
Oaths: Before taking office, ministers are administered oaths of office and secrecy as defined in the Third Schedule of the Constitution.
Parliamentary Membership Requirement: Any Minister not a member of either parliamentary house for six consecutive months must resign from their ministerial position.
5. Importance of Collective Responsibility:
It ensures government cohesion, stability, and accountability.
The entire cabinet remains collectively accountable for decisions, particularly those made by the Prime Minister.
It's essential for the efficient functioning of India's parliamentary democracy.
In summary, the principle of collective responsibility is a cornerstone of the parliamentary system in India, ensuring that the entire council of ministers remains unified and accountable to the Lok Sabha, and by extension, to the citizens of the country.
