Surrogacy Law faces challenge in Court

Q Why is it in News ?

A A person has approached the Delhi High Court to question why marital status, age or gender should be the criteria for prohibiting someone from commissioning a surrogacy.

• Under the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 a married couple can opt for surrogacy only on medical grounds.
• The petitioner have challenged in the court the surrogacy law and the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 which provides a regulatory framework for surrogacy.

Q What are the issues raised by the petition ?

A 

• Currently, the laws does not allow single men to have child through surrogacy.
• Married women can only avail surrogacy services if they are unable to produce a child due to medical conditions.
• Otherwise, for women to avail of surrogacy services, they must be aged between 35 and 45 and widowed or divorced.
• Women can only offer surrogacy if they are aged between 25 and 35 and married with at least one biological child.
• The laws also require a surrogate to be genetically related to the couple who intend to have a child through this method, their petition said.

Q What is the basis of the Petition ?

A 

• The personal decision of a single person about the birth of a baby through surrogacy, i.e., the right of reproductive autonomy is a facet of the right to privacy guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution.
• Thus, the right to privacy of every citizen or person affecting a decision to bear or beget a child through surrogacy cannot be taken away.

Q What are the Distinct features of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 ?

A 

• Definition of surrogacy: It defines surrogacy as a practice where a woman gives birth to a child for an intending couple with the intention to hand over the child after the birth to the intending couple.
• Regulation of surrogacy: It prohibits commercial surrogacy, but allows altruistic surrogacy which involves no monetary compensation to the surrogate mother other than the medical expenses and insurance.
• Purposes for which surrogacy is permitted: Surrogacy is permitted when it is: (i) for intending couples who suffer from proven infertility; (ii) altruistic; (iii) not for commercial purposes; (iv) not for producing children for sale, prostitution or other forms of exploitation; and (v) for any condition or disease specified through regulations.
• Eligibility criteria: The intending couple should have a ‘certificate of essentiality’ and a ‘certificate of eligibility’ issued by the appropriate authority ex. District Medical Board.

Q What is the eligibility criteria for surrogate mother ?

A 

• To obtain a certificate of eligibility from the appropriate authority, the surrogate mother has to be:

1. A close relative of the intending couple;
2. A married woman having a child of her own;
3. 25 to 35 years old;
4. A surrogate only once in her lifetime; and
5. Possess a certificate of medical and psychological fitness for surrogacy.

• Further, the surrogate mother cannot provide her own gametes for surrogacy.